Pengajaran Kisah Nabi Nuh A.S. Berdasarkan Al-Quran

1. Keteguhan Iman dan Kesabaran dalam Berdakwah

Nabi Nuh A.S. merupakan antara rasul terawal yang diutus kepada kaumnya bagi menyeru mereka kepada tauhid, menyembah Allah yang Esa dan meninggalkan penyembahan berhala. Walaupun menghadapi tentangan hebat selama 950 tahun, baginda tetap sabar dan tidak berputus asa dalam menyeru kaumnya kepada kebenaran (Surah Al-‘Ankabūt, 29:14).

“Dan sesungguhnya Kami telah mengutus Nuh kepada kaumnya, maka ia tinggal di antara mereka seribu tahun kurang lima puluh tahun...” (Al-‘Ankabūt, 29:14).

Pengajaran:
Keteguhan dan kesabaran dalam menyampaikan kebenaran amat penting walaupun hasilnya lambat atau tidak diterima. Ia menjadi teladan kepada pendakwah dan pemimpin masa kini agar tidak cepat menyerah dalam usaha memperbaiki masyarakat¹.

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2. Seruan kepada Tauhid dan Penolakan Syirik

Kisah Nabi Nuh A.S. menegaskan bahawa asas dakwah setiap rasul ialah menegakkan tauhid. Baginda menyeru kaumnya agar meninggalkan penyembahan berhala seperti Wadd, Suwa’, Yaghuth, Ya‘uq dan Nasr (Surah Nūh, 71:23).

“Dan mereka berkata: Janganlah kamu meninggalkan tuhan-tuhan kamu...” (Nūh, 71:23).

Pengajaran:
Aqidah tauhid menjadi asas utama dalam kehidupan seorang Muslim. Masyarakat perlu menjauhkan segala bentuk penyekutuan terhadap Allah sama ada secara nyata atau tersembunyi².

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3. Kepimpinan dan Tanggungjawab Rasul terhadap Kaum

Nabi Nuh A.S. menunjukkan contoh kepimpinan berasaskan kasih sayang dan tanggungjawab moral. Baginda berusaha menasihati kaumnya dengan pelbagai pendekatan — secara terbuka dan rahsia — namun tetap menolak kekerasan.

“Kemudian sesungguhnya aku telah menyeru mereka dengan cara terang-terangan. Kemudian aku menyeru mereka dengan cara rahsia.” (Nūh, 71:8–9).

Pengajaran:
Seorang pemimpin perlu menggunakan pelbagai pendekatan dalam menasihati pengikutnya. Hikmah, kesantunan, dan kesabaran adalah tunjang kepimpinan berkesan³.

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4. Akibat Ingkar dan Kesombongan terhadap Kebenaran

Kaum Nabi Nuh A.S. tetap angkuh dan enggan beriman walaupun telah diberi amaran berkali-kali. Akhirnya Allah menurunkan azab berupa banjir besar yang menenggelamkan mereka semua kecuali orang yang beriman (Surah Hūd, 11:40).

“Sehingga apabila perintah Kami datang dan dapur telah memancarkan air, Kami berfirman: Muatkan ke dalam bahtera itu daripada setiap jenis sepasang...” (Hūd, 11:40).

Pengajaran:
Penolakan terhadap kebenaran dan keangkuhan membawa kepada kehancuran. Ini menjadi peringatan agar manusia sentiasa tunduk dan taat kepada perintah Allah⁴.

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5. Nilai Kasih Sayang Keluarga dan Ketundukan kepada Takdir

Kisah Nabi Nuh juga memperlihatkan kesedihan baginda apabila anaknya menolak untuk menaiki bahtera dan akhirnya tenggelam. Allah mengingatkan bahawa hubungan iman lebih utama daripada hubungan darah (Surah Hūd, 11:45–46).

“Wahai Nuh! Sesungguhnya dia bukan daripada keluargamu (yang beriman), sesungguhnya perbuatannya tidak baik...” (Hūd, 11:46).

Pengajaran:
Keimanan menjadi asas utama dalam hubungan kekeluargaan dan masyarakat. Takdir Allah perlu diterima dengan reda walaupun bertentangan dengan perasaan manusia⁵.

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6. Rahmat dan Keampunan Allah terhadap Hamba yang Taat

Nabi Nuh A.S. sentiasa memohon ampun untuk dirinya dan umatnya. Dalam Surah Nūh ayat 10–12, baginda menyeru:

“Mohonlah ampun kepada Tuhan kamu, sesungguhnya Dia Maha Pengampun. Nescaya Dia akan menurunkan hujan yang lebat kepada kamu.”

Pengajaran:
Istighfar membawa keberkatan dan rezeki. Ia menunjukkan bahawa rahmat Allah sentiasa terbuka kepada hamba yang kembali kepada-Nya⁶.

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Kesimpulan

Kisah Nabi Nuh A.S. bukan sekadar sejarah, tetapi pedoman kehidupan yang menekankan nilai dakwah, kesabaran, keimanan, kepimpinan, dan penyerahan diri kepada Allah. Ia menjadi cermin bagi umat akhir zaman agar tidak mengulangi keingkaran kaum terdahulu.

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Rujukan / Footnotes (Gaya Akademik)

1. Al-Quran, Surah Al-‘Ankabūt (29):14. ↩

2. Al-Quran, Surah Nūh (71):23. ↩

3. Al-Quran, Surah Nūh (71):8–9. ↩

4. Al-Quran, Surah Hūd (11):40. ↩

5. Al-Quran, Surah Hūd (11):46. ↩

6. Al-Quran, Surah Nūh (71):10–12. ↩

#AlQuran #Islam #Tafsir #sabar #syirik

Four (4) Step Method to Solve Worrying by Dale Carnegie

Powerful practical method from Dale Carnegie’s How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, which he said could help you eliminate 99% of your worries — simply by forcing your mind to act logically instead of emotionally.

Let’s go through each of the four steps in detail, and I’ll explain the psychology and practical application behind them.

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🧭 The 4-Step Method to Solve Worrying (Dale Carnegie’s “Magic Formula”)

Step 1: Write down precisely what I am worrying about

“A problem well stated is a problem half solved.” – Dale Carnegie

Purpose:
Most people worry vaguely — they feel anxious, but can’t clearly say what exactly is troubling them. This causes the mind to go in circles.
When you write it down clearly, you transform a feeling into a defined problem — and a defined problem is easier to solve.

How to do it:

• Take a piece of paper and write one clear sentence:

  • “I am worried about _______________.”

• Be very specific: mention what, where, when, and who is involved.

Example:
❌ “I’m worried about my job.”
✅ “I’m worried that our refinery audit next month will fail because our safety documentation is incomplete.”

Now your brain knows what to focus on.

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Step 2: Write down what I can’t do about it

“Face the worst possible outcome, accept it mentally, and then try to improve upon it.”

Purpose:
Worry often comes from trying to control what you can’t control. This step helps you separate uncontrollable factors (which you must accept) from controllable ones (which you can act on).

How to do it:

• Make a list of what’s beyond your control.
  Examples:

  • “I can’t control the auditor’s attitude.”

  • “I can’t change what happened last month.”

  • “I can’t guarantee the weather during inspection.”

By writing these down, you free your mind from wasting energy on the impossible. Acceptance brings mental peace.

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Step 3: Decide what to do

“Once you have the facts, make a decision — and never look back.”

Purpose:
After removing what you can’t control, you can focus on what you can do.
This turns worry into a plan of action.

How to do it:

• Write down:

  • What can I do about this?

  • What steps are within my control right now?

• Then choose the best possible option — even if it’s not perfect.

Example:
✅ “I can review the safety files and assign someone to update missing records.”
✅ “I can conduct an internal audit before the official one.”
✅ “I can brief the team on potential issues.”

Making a decision stops the endless mental loop.

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Step 4: Start immediately to carry out that decision

“Once you’ve made a decision — act! Don’t delay. Action breeds confidence and courage; inaction breeds doubt and fear.”

Purpose:
This is where real change happens.
The moment you act, your focus shifts from worrying to doing.
Action gives your mind a sense of control — it breaks the paralysis of fear.

How to do it:

• Don’t wait for the “perfect moment.” Start now, even with small steps.

• Do something concrete — make a phone call, write an email, assign a task, review a file.

• Once you start, momentum will reduce your anxiety almost instantly.

Example:
You decided to fix the safety documentation?
→ Start tonight by reviewing one file.
→ Tomorrow, brief your team.
→ By next week, schedule a mock audit.

Each small action replaces worry with progress.

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⚙️ In Summary

Step	Description	Effect
1️⃣	Write down exactly what I’m worrying about	Turns vague fear into a specific problem
2️⃣	Write down what I can’t do about it	Teaches acceptance and focus
3️⃣	Decide what to do	Creates a clear action plan
4️⃣	Start immediately	Transforms worry into confidence

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💡 Psychological Insight

Dale Carnegie’s genius lies in forcing the brain to switch from emotion to logic.
Writing things down and deciding on action reduces “mental fog.”
It’s not about eliminating all problems — it’s about managing your mental response to them.

“If you can’t sleep, get up and do something instead of lying there worrying. It’s the action that frees you from anxiety.” – Dale Carnegie

#engineer #book #LifeJourney #DaleCarnegie

How to Stop Worrying and Start Living ; Dale Carnegie

Dalam buku “How to Stop Worrying and Start Living” oleh Dale Carnegie, beliau memperkenalkan kaedah tiga langkah praktikal untuk menganalisis dan menyelesaikan masalah yang menyebabkan kebimbangan (worry). Kaedah ini membantu seseorang berpindah daripada berfikir tanpa arah (overthinking) kepada bertindak dengan tenang dan berfokus.

Mari kita huraikan setiap langkah dengan lebih mendalam:

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Langkah 1: Get the Facts (Dapatkan Fakta Sebenar)

“Half the worry in the world is caused by people trying to make decisions before they have sufficient knowledge on which to base a decision.” – Dale Carnegie

Tujuan:
Kebanyakan orang risau kerana mereka tidak jelas tentang apa yang sebenarnya berlaku. Mereka meneka, berandaian, atau mendengar khabar angin. Maka langkah pertama ialah kumpul maklumat sebenar dan tepat.

Cara melakukannya:

• Hentikan sementara rasa cemas — tumpukan kepada apa fakta sebenar tentang situasi itu.

• Tulis di atas kertas:

  • Apa sebenarnya masalahnya?

  • Apakah maklumat yang aku tahu dengan pasti?

  • Apakah maklumat yang aku belum tahu?

• Dapatkan maklumat tambahan daripada sumber sahih sebelum membuat sebarang keputusan.

Contoh:
Anda risau kilang akan gagal audit keselamatan. Sebelum risau berlebihan, semak fakta:

• Tarikh sebenar audit.

• Keperluan dokumen atau standard (contohnya ISO atau DOSH).

• Status semasa pematuhan.

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Langkah 2: Analyse the Facts (Analisis Fakta Tersebut)

“Once you have gathered the facts, analyze them objectively—without emotion.”

Tujuan:
Apabila kita ada semua fakta, kita mesti menilai secara rasional. Jangan biarkan emosi atau ketakutan mempengaruhi pertimbangan.

Cara melakukannya:

• Tulis semua pilihan tindakan yang ada.

• Timbang kebaikan dan keburukan bagi setiap pilihan.

• Tanya diri:

  • Apakah hasil paling buruk yang boleh terjadi?

  • Sejauh mana kemungkinan ia berlaku?

  • Apa langkah boleh diambil untuk mengurangkan risikonya?

Contoh:
Jika risau kilang tidak lulus audit, analisisnya begini:

• Punca utama risiko kegagalan.

• Langkah yang boleh dilakukan sebelum audit.

• Apa yang boleh dikawal (contohnya housekeeping, training, documentation).

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Langkah 3: Arrive at a Decision — and Act on It (Buat Keputusan & Bertindak)

“Once you have made a decision based on all the facts and analysis—act! Don’t second-guess yourself.”

Tujuan:
Selepas meneliti fakta, buat keputusan dan ambil tindakan segera.
Kebanyakan orang terus risau kerana mereka berhenti di fasa analisis tanpa bertindak.

Cara melakukannya:

• Pilih tindakan terbaik berdasarkan penilaian.

• Buat pelan tindakan (action plan) dan mula laksanakan.

• Setelah bertindak, jangan ulang fikir ‘apa akan jadi kalau’ — kerana itu hanya membangkitkan kebimbangan semula.

Contoh:
Setelah analisis, anda putuskan untuk:

• Jalankan internal audit dalam masa dua minggu.

• Lantik safety officer untuk semak dokumen.

• Sediakan checklist pematuhan.
  Kemudian bertindak segera dan pantau hasilnya.

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💡 Kesimpulan:

Kaedah 3 langkah Dale Carnegie ini ialah:

1. Get the facts → Dapatkan gambaran sebenar (hapus andaian).

2. Analyse the facts → Nilai dengan logik dan realiti.

3. Decide & act → Buat keputusan dan bertindak tanpa teragak-agak.

Dengan cara ini, mindset kita berpindah daripada risau kepada bertindak.
Ia melatih disiplin mental yang penting dalam kepimpinan, pengurusan dan kehidupan seharian.

#book #DaleCarnegie 

Kembara Tanpa Janji – Catatan Seorang Perantau

Setiap orang berhijrah dan merantau ke bumi asing dengan sebab dan alasan yang berbeza. Ada yang mencari rezeki, ada yang menuntut ilmu, dan ada pula yang mencari makna hidup yang lebih luas daripada batas kampung halaman. Namun satu hakikat tetap sama — menjadi perantau bukanlah jalan yang mudah. Ia menuntut pengorbanan, keberanian dan ketabahan untuk meninggalkan segala yang pernah memberi erti — keluarga, sahabat, dan kenangan masa lalu.

Perjalanan aku bermula seawal usia 16 tahun, saat kaki mula melangkah keluar dari kampung halaman menuju ke MRSM Kuala Terengganu. Ketika itu, rasa rindu pada keluarga menjadi teman sebilik yang tidak pernah pergi. Dari maktab, perjalanan diteruskan ke matrikulasi di Pulau Pinang, kemudian ke Perak untuk menyambung pengajian dalam bidang kejuruteraan mekanikal. Di setiap hentian, aku belajar sesuatu — tentang berdikari, tentang jatuh dan bangun, tentang erti hidup yang sebenar.

Selesai belajar, perjalanan hidupku tidak berhenti di situ. Aku menapak dari Pulau Pinang ke Selangor, dan akhirnya langkahku berhenti di Lahad Datu, Sabah — bumi yang mengajar aku banyak hal tentang kehidupan. Di usia 24 tahun, aku mula menulis bab baru dalam buku kerjayaku sebagai jurutera muda.

Setiap kali pulang bercuti ke kampung, pasti ada soalan yang sama menanti — “Bila nak balik kerja dekat kampung?” Soalan yang kedengarannya mudah, namun sukar untuk dijawab. Aku hanya tersenyum, kerana aku tahu, sebuah janji yang diucap tanpa kepastian adalah beban yang tidak patut ditanggung. Hidup ini bukan tentang tahu ke mana arah, tetapi bagaimana kita berjalan dengan penuh makna, meskipun arah itu kabur.

Di Sabah dan Sarawak, aku bertemu ramai perantau lain — guru, pegawai kerajaan, juruteknik, jurutera. Masing-masing punya kisah perjuangan sendiri. Ada yang menabung untuk masa depan anak-anak, ada yang masih menghitung hari untuk pulang, ada yang sudah menganggap bumi Borneo sebagai rumah kedua. Dari mereka, aku belajar bahawa perantauan bukan sekadar mencari rezeki, tetapi tentang mencari jati diri.

Dari tahun 2004 hingga 2025 — dua dekad lebih aku di bumi Borneo. Dalam tempoh itu, hidupku penuh warna: membina kerjaya, membesarkan anak-anak, menghadapi cabaran, dan melalui fasa-fasa hidup yang membentuk siapa aku hari ini. Musim COVID-19 membawa aku sementara ke Semenanjung — Negeri Sembilan, Selangor, dan Johor. Dua tahun transisi yang menjadi detik penting.

Kini, setelah 21 tahun, aku membuka lembaran baru di bumi seberang — Dumai, Riau, Indonesia. Perpindahan ini bukan kebetulan, bukan juga paksaan. Ia adalah perjalanan yang telah ditulis sejak 2021, satu janji lama yang kini ditunaikan kepada syarikat yang banyak memberi ruang dan kepercayaan.

Sebenarnya, aku telah lama bersedia — fizikal dan mental. Ketika dipindahkan sementara ke Nilai, Allah memberi aku ruang untuk mengurus keluarga: memastikan anak-anak berpindah sekolah dengan lancar, si kakak menjejakkan kaki ke universiti, dan isteri mendapat sokongan yang sepatutnya. Tempoh itu mengajar aku erti tanggungjawab dan hikmah di sebalik setiap peralihan hidup.

Hari ini, di Dumai, genap empat hari aku menjejak bumi ini. Pemandu Grab yang menjemputku ke pejabat bertanya, “Berapa lama bapak akan di sini?” Aku tersenyum — soalan yang sama seperti 21 tahun lalu. Dan jawapanku juga tetap sama — aku tidak tahu.

Kerana bagi aku, perjalanan ini bukan tentang garis masa, tetapi tentang makna yang akan tercipta di sepanjang jalan. Aku tidak mahu mengikat diri dengan janji masa, kerana hidup ini penuh rahsia. Mungkin sekejap, mungkin lama, mungkin juga selama-lamanya.

Yang pasti, aku ingin menikmati setiap detik di sini. Menyusuri kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, memahami budaya, memerhati kehidupan pekerja di ladang dan kilang, dan mungkin — menulis satu lagi bab baru dalam diari seorang jurutera perantau.

Kembara ini bukan lagi tentang mencari tempat kerja, tetapi mencari makna kehidupan.

Setiap langkah di bumi asing mengingatkan aku — bahawa rumah sebenar bukanlah di mana kita dilahirkan, tetapi di mana hati kita belajar bersyukur dan terus berjuang.

Dan begitulah aku, seorang perantau yang tidak menjanjikan apa-apa, tetapi terus berjalan… mencari erti dalam setiap perjalanan yang Tuhan aturkan.

#blog #blogger #KembaraInsan #jurutera #usm #mrsmkt #mrsm #borneo #sabah #sarawak #indonesia #malaysia #dumai

Dari Suara Kecil ke Suara Bernilai

Ada satu perkara yang sering kedengaran di mana-mana organisasi — rungutan daripada mereka yang pesimis.

“Pengurusan tak bagi sokongan.”
“Cadangan kita tak pernah diterima.”
“Group Engineering Department tak benarkan komen pada reka bentuk projek.”
“Kalau macam ni, kita tak boleh buat apa-apa.”

Kata-kata seperti itu sentiasa berlegar di sekeliling saya pada satu ketika dahulu. Dan seperti kebanyakan orang, saya hanya mendengar. Tapi lama-kelamaan, saya tertanya-tanya — betulkah semua ini salah orang lain?

Suatu hari, saya luahkan pertanyaan itu kepada Group Engineer kami, Mr. Loh. Saya tanya dengan jujur,
“Mr. Loh, betulkah drawing semasa tender dan construction tak boleh diubah langsung?”

Beliau berpaling, pandang saya dengan wajah tegas.
Jawapannya keras, tapi membuka mata saya.

Katanya,
“Semasa tender, manager akan review drawing bersama kontraktor di site. Bila projek jalan, manager pantau dari mula sampai siap. Tapi akhirnya, mesin tak boleh beroperasi. Sekarang beritahu saya — siapa yang lebih bodoh, Group Engineer di HQ Kuala Lumpur, atau manager yang duduk di kilang hari-hari tengok kerja tu?”

Saya terdiam. Kata-kata itu terasa seperti tamparan, tapi bukan tamparan marah — tamparan kesedaran.

Sejak hari itu, saya ubah cara saya bekerja. Saya mula bersuara. Saya komen setiap lukisan, saya beri maklum balas setiap kali ada peluang. Ada yang diterima, ada juga yang ditolak. Tapi yang penting, saya tak diam lagi.

Saya belajar bahawa memberi komen bukan bermakna melawan. Ia tanda kita peduli. Ia tanda kita mahu hasil yang lebih baik.

Dan dari sikap itulah, sedikit demi sedikit, saya membina sesuatu — reputasi.
Reputasi sebagai seseorang yang berani bersuara bila orang lain diam.
Yang berani mempertahankan pendapat demi kebaikan bersama.
Yang tidak hanya mengeluh, tapi bertindak.

Kini, bila saya dengar rungutan pesimis, saya hanya senyum.
Kerana saya tahu, perubahan tak akan datang dari suara yang mengeluh — ia datang dari suara yang berani menyahut tanggungjawab.

Moralnya:
Jangan takut memberi pandangan.
Kadang-kadang, satu soalan jujur boleh mengubah seluruh cara kita memandang dunia kerja — dan juga diri sendiri.

🌴 Dari Ladang Sawit ke Dunia Kepimpinan: Sebuah Perjalanan 21 tahun 🌴

Semasa berumur 24 tahun, saya melangkah ke bumi Sabah buat pertama kali — jauh dari kampung halaman, membawa harapan dan tekad yang masih kabur. Saya tidak tahu ke mana arah hidup akan membawa saya, hanya mengikuti langkah yang terbuka di hadapan — melangkah masuk ke kilang sawit sebagai Kadet Jurutera.

Tiga tahun kemudian, di usia 27 tahun, takdir membawa saya ke satu tanggungjawab besar — dilantik sebagai Pengurus. Masih muda, masih mentah, namun realiti tanggungjawab memaksa saya belajar pantas. Mengurus manusia bukan semudah mengawal mesin. Ada jiwa, ada emosi, ada harapan di setiap wajah pekerja.

Tahun demi tahun, saya bertatih. Kadangkala tersungkur, kadangkala bangkit dengan luka yang belum sempat sembuh. Tapi langkah tetap diteruskan. Kini, hampir 19 tahun saya menakhodai organisasi dengan kekuatan 90 hingga 180 orang staf, melalui pelbagai gelombang — pasang surut ekonomi, cabaran operasi, dan juga ujian kepimpinan.

Namun saya sedar, untuk terus berdiri teguh, ilmu dan kemahiran tidak boleh berhenti di situ. Saya menyelami dunia komunikasi dan kepimpinan, menyertai Toastmasters, menghadiri kursus, dan lebih penting — belajar daripada pengalaman sebenar di lapangan.

Tahun 2014, saya tamatkan MBA, dan kemudian melangkah ke peringkat PhD dalam bidang komunikasi. Walaupun perjalanan PhD itu tidak sempat saya habiskan, namun hampir 500 jurnal ilmiah yang saya baca tentang kepimpinan dan komunikasi Rasulullah SAW telah meninggalkan kesan mendalam — membuka mata bahawa kepimpinan bukan tentang kuasa, tetapi tentang kasih, hikmah dan amanah.

Hari ini, apabila saya menoleh ke belakang, saya melihat bukan sekadar perjalanan kerjaya — tetapi perjalanan jiwa. Dari anak muda tanpa arah di Sabah, kepada seorang pemimpin yang belajar daripada setiap langkah, setiap jatuh, dan setiap kejayaan kecil.

Jika anda ingin menyelami lebih banyak kisah dan pengalaman saya sepanjang 19 tahun ini — tentang pengurusan manusia, komunikasi, dan kepimpinan sebenar di lapangan —
saya jemput anda membaca perkongsian saya dan terus membaca post seterusnya!

Selamat membaca, dan semoga sedikit pengalaman saya ini menjadi inspirasi kepada perjalanan anda juga. 🌿

#blog #blogger

API 650 & API 653

API 650 dan API 653, dua standard penting berkaitan tangki simpanan (storage tanks) — terutamanya yang digunakan dalam industri minyak sawit, minyak & gas, dan petrokimia.

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🛢️ API 650 — Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

🎯 Tujuan:

Standard ini digunakan untuk reka bentuk, fabrikasi, pemeriksaan, dan ujian tangki simpanan keluli yang dikimpal (welded steel storage tanks) yang beroperasi pada tekanan atmosfera atau sedikit lebih tinggi (biasanya < 2.5 psi).

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🔧 Skop:

Digunakan untuk tangki:

• Beroperasi pada tekanan atmosfera hingga 2.5 psig (170 mbar).

• Menyimpan cecair petroleum, minyak sawit, air, bahan kimia, dan bahan bukan gas.

• Diperbuat daripada carbon steel atau stainless steel.

• Sama ada fixed roof, floating roof, atau dome roof.

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📐 Kandungan Utama:

1. Design Requirements

   • Ketebalan plat dasar (bottom), shell, dan roof.

   • Wind load, seismic load, hydrostatic pressure.

   • Corrosion allowance.

   • Weld joint efficiency.

2. Material Selection

   • Jenis keluli yang dibenarkan (ASTM A36, A516 Gr.70, dll).

   • Keperluan toughness (impact test untuk suhu rendah).

3. Fabrication

   • Kaedah welding (SMAW, SAW, GTAW).

   • Fit-up dan alignment tolerances.

   • Radiographic/ultrasonic test untuk welds kritikal.

4. Inspection & Testing

   • Hydrostatic test (usually full of water).

   • Vacuum box test untuk bottom welds.

   • Radiographic test (RT), magnetic particle (MT), dan dye penetrant (PT).

5. Appendices

   • Variable roof design (Appendix F).

   • Seismic design (Appendix E).

   • Stainless steel tanks (Appendix S).

   • Aluminium dome roofs (Appendix G).

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🏭 Aplikasi di Kilang Sawit / Refinery:

• Tangki CPO (Crude Palm Oil)

• Tangki RBD Palm Oil / Olein / Stearin

• Tangki Biodiesel atau Methanol

• Tangki air panas dan condensate recovery

Tangki-tangki ini direka mengikut API 650 untuk jaminan kekuatan, ketahanan kakisan, dan keselamatan operasi.

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🧰 API 653 — Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction

🎯 Tujuan:

API 653 digunakan selepas tangki telah beroperasi, iaitu untuk:

• Pemeriksaan (inspection)

• Pembaikan (repair)

• Pengubahsuaian (alteration)

• Rekonstruksi (reconstruction)
  tangki yang asalnya direka di bawah API 650.

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🔍 Skop:

• Menentukan frekuensi dan kaedah pemeriksaan (visual, ultrasonic thickness, settlement survey).

• Menilai integriti tangki (shell thickness, bottom corrosion, settlement).

• Memberi panduan bila tangki perlu repair atau rebuild.

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🧾 Kandungan Utama:

1. Inspection Requirements

   • External Inspection: Setiap 5 tahun (visual, coating, leaks).

   • Internal Inspection: Setiap 10 tahun (atau lebih awal bergantung pada keadaan minyak, kakisan, dan hasil UT thickness).

   • Settlement Survey: Untuk pastikan asas tangki tidak mendap berlebihan.

2. Repair and Alteration

   • Repair plate pada bahagian korosi.

   • Penggantian floor plate.

   • Weld patching pada shell.

   • Menambah nozzle atau manhole baru.

3. Evaluation Methods

   • Minimum thickness calculation.

   • API 653 Annex B: Corrosion rate calculation.

   • Fitness-for-service evaluation.

4. Reconstruction

   • Bila tangki perlu dibina semula (major damage or relocation).

   • Kaedah dokumentasi dan ujian semula.

5. Qualification of Inspectors

   • Authorized Inspector (API 653 Certified) wajib untuk audit dan sign-off laporan.

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🏭 Aplikasi di Kilang Sawit / Refinery:

• Pemeriksaan tangki CPO lama (>10 tahun).

• Pembaikan tangki bocor atau bottom plate berkarat.

• Audit keselamatan oleh DOSH / Jabatan Kimia / Bomba.

• Re-rating kapasiti tangki selepas modifikasi (contoh: tambah floating roof).

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⚙️ Perbandingan Ringkas

Aspek	API 650	API 653
Fokus	Design & Construction	Inspection, Repair & Maintenance
Fasa	Sebelum operasi	Semasa & selepas operasi
Digunakan oleh	Designer / Fabricator	Inspector / Maintenance Engineer
Dokumen utama	Drawing, WPS, Material Cert	Inspection Report, UT, Settlement Data
Ujian utama	Hydrotest	UT Thickness, Visual, Settlement

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💡 Kesimpulan untuk Hashim

Sebagai Head of Facility di Palm Oil Refinery atau Solvent Extraction Plant, pemahaman API 650 & 653 amat penting untuk:

• Pastikan tangki direka & dibina dengan betul (API 650)

• Pastikan tangki kekal selamat sepanjang hayat operasi (API 653)

• Elak kegagalan tangki (tank failure) yang boleh sebabkan tumpahan minyak atau kebakaran besar.

#api650 #api653 #tanks

Semasa aku berumur 24 tahun, tiba di Sabah

Langkah Pertama di Bumi Sabah

Usiaku baru menjangkau 24 tahun ketika aku menjejakkan kaki buat pertama kali di bumi Sabah — negeri di bawah bayu yang menjadi saksi langkah pertamaku dalam dunia sebenar pekerjaan. Aku masih ingat hari itu dengan jelas; panas terik, bau kelapa sawit yang pekat di udara, dan degupan jantung yang kencang menandakan bermulanya satu perjalanan yang tidak pernah aku rancang.

Jika ditanya pada waktu itu, apa halatuju aku sebenarnya?
Jawapannya mudah — aku tiada halatuju.
Aku hanya ikut kaki yang melangkah, tanpa peta, tanpa kompas, tanpa janji masa depan.

Namun satu perkara aku tahu — aku tidak boleh berpatah balik.
Jalan di hadapan mungkin panjang, tapi tiada ruang untuk menoleh ke belakang.
Yang ada hanyalah maju ke hadapan.

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Menempa Jalan Sendiri

Hari demi hari, tahun demi tahun, aku mula belajar.
Belajar dari rakan kerja senior yang banyak memberi nasihat, menegur bila tersilap, dan mengajar erti ketabahan di tengah ladang yang sunyi dan kilang yang bising.

Aku mula faham bahawa dalam dunia sebenar —
kejayaan bukan datang dari kepintaran semata,
tetapi dari usaha yang tidak pernah berhenti dan doa ibu yang tidak pernah putus.

Aku cuba lakukan yang terbaik dalam setiap tugasan.
Aku ikut segala yang baik, dan belajar untuk menjauhkan diri daripada yang buruk.
Aku jatuh, aku bangun semula.
Aku gagal, tapi tidak pernah berhenti mencuba.

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Anugerah Hasil Ketabahan

Tiga tahun pertama adalah tempoh paling mencabar.
Namun di hujung perjalanan getir itu, satu berita gembira datang seperti cahaya menembusi kabus tebal —
aku lulus peperiksaan Jurutera Stim Gred Dua.

Itu bukan sekadar sijil.
Itu lambang titik peluh, air mata, dan semangat yang tidak pernah menyerah.

Dan kerana kejayaan itu, pada tahun 2006, aku diberi amanah besar —
menjaga sebuah kilang sawit berkapasiti 90 MT/jam,
yang pada tahun itu memproses 380,000 metrik tan buah sawit.

Ia bukan angka kecil.
Bahkan, ia mencipta rekod tertinggi dalam sejarah kilang besar tersebut.
Lebih membanggakan, kadar perahan minyak pula menduduki tempat ketiga tertinggi di antara semua kilang syarikat di Sabah.

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Amanah Seorang Pengurus Muda

Dalam usia 27 tahun, aku diangkat menjadi pengurus kilang.
Satu jawatan yang tidak pernah aku impikan seawal itu.

Namun, bersama amanah datang tanggungjawab.
Mengurus lebih 100 orang pekerja, yang kebanyakannya lebih tua daripadaku — bukan mudah.
Dalam enam bulan pertama, aku diuji dari pelbagai arah —
daripada pasukan operasi yang masih meragui kebolehanku,
hingga ke pihak ladang yang dipimpin oleh mereka berusia lebih 50 tahun.

Cabaran datang tanpa henti,
tapi setiap hari aku belajar satu perkara baharu —
tentang sabar, kepercayaan, dan kepimpinan yang berjiwa.

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Dari Tiada Halatuju, Kepada Makna Sebuah Perjalanan

Kini bila aku menoleh ke belakang, aku tersenyum.
Dari seorang anak muda yang tiada halatuju,
aku belajar erti kerja keras, tanggungjawab, dan keberanian untuk tidak menyerah.

Aku sedar bahawa setiap langkah — walau tanpa arah pada awalnya —
boleh membawa kita ke destinasi luar jangkaan,
asalkan kita terus melangkah dengan ikhlas dan bersungguh-sungguh.

Kerana dalam hidup ini,
halatuju bukanlah sesuatu yang kita cari,
tetapi sesuatu yang kita bina,
setapak demi setapak,
dengan usaha, doa, dan kepercayaan diri.

Professional Ethics of a Mechanical Engineer in Palm Oil Mill, Refinery, and Petrochemical Industry

1. Introduction

Engineering ethics form the moral foundation of the engineering profession. A professional engineer is entrusted with the responsibility to ensure that engineering works are carried out safely, efficiently, and in the interest of the public and the environment.
In Malaysia, the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) governs professional conduct through the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Revised 2015) and the Code of Professional Conduct.

As a Mechanical Engineer serving in the palm oil mill, refinery, or petrochemical industry, the responsibility extends beyond design and operation. It includes safeguarding human life, ensuring mechanical integrity, complying with regulations, and upholding sustainable industrial growth.

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2. Core Principles of Engineering Ethics

The BEM Code of Professional Conduct and international engineering ethics frameworks (such as those from ASME and IMechE) emphasize the following principles:

1. Protection of public safety, health, and environment

2. Integrity, honesty, and fairness

3. Competence and diligence in professional work

4. Confidentiality and professional independence

5. Avoidance of conflicts of interest

6. Commitment to sustainable development and societal welfare

Each of these principles is reflected in daily engineering activities within industrial operations.

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3. Ethical Application in Palm Oil Mill

In a palm oil mill, a mechanical engineer is typically responsible for boilers, pressure vessels, steam distribution, turbines, pumps, conveyors, and maintenance of mechanical systems. Ethical practice involves:

(a) Safety and Compliance

The engineer must ensure all mechanical systems meet regulatory and safety standards under the Factories and Machinery Act (FMA) and Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) guidelines.
Before commissioning a steam boiler or pressure vessel, it is the engineer’s duty to verify:

• Valid certificates of fitness (CF)

• Proper calibration of safety valves

• Compliance with ASME Section I and local codes
  Taking shortcuts or allowing uncertified equipment to run is unethical and potentially criminal.

(b) Integrity in Maintenance and Procurement

Ethical procurement involves selecting vendors or contractors based on technical merit, safety performance, and quality—not on personal relationships or rewards.
When maintenance budgets are tight, engineers must avoid using substandard materials or falsifying inspection records, as this could endanger lives and damage the company’s reputation.

(c) Competence

Engineers must not approve, sign, or design systems beyond their expertise. For instance, complex control or combustion systems in a biomass boiler require collaboration with electrical and process specialists. Admitting one’s limitations and seeking professional advice is a sign of ethical maturity, not weakness.

(d) Environmental Stewardship

Mechanical engineers play a direct role in reducing emissions and waste. Designing condensate recovery systems, optimizing steam traps, and ensuring efficient fiber and shell usage are not only technical improvements but also ethical commitments to environmental protection.

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4. Ethical Practice in Palm Oil Refinery

A refinery handles higher temperatures, pressures, and chemical processes, requiring stringent ethical and professional standards.

(a) Mechanical Integrity

A refinery engineer must ensure that heat exchangers, pressure vessels, and pipelines comply with design codes such as ASME Section VIII, API 510, and API 570. Periodic inspection, corrosion monitoring, and preventive maintenance must never be ignored for the sake of cost reduction or production targets.

(b) Transparency and Truthfulness

If a mechanical defect or near-miss incident occurs, it is unethical to conceal it. The engineer must report, investigate, and correct the issue transparently. Concealment or data manipulation endangers future operations and violates the principle of public safety.

(c) Professional Judgment

When management pressures an engineer to continue production despite known safety issues (for example, a leaking heat exchanger or unsafe vibration levels), the ethical duty is clear — to stop operation until safety is restored. Short-term production gains cannot justify potential accidents or fatalities.

(d) Confidentiality and Independence

Process designs, mechanical drawings, and plant performance data are often proprietary. An engineer must protect this information and refrain from sharing it outside authorized channels.

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5. Ethical Conduct in Petrochemical Industry

The petrochemical sector operates under even higher risk — involving toxic, flammable, and high-pressure systems. Ethical discipline is therefore essential.

(a) Safety and Regulatory Compliance

Engineers must ensure all mechanical systems adhere to international codes such as:

• API 650 / 653 (Storage Tanks)

• API 570 (Piping Inspection)

• API 510 (Pressure Vessels)

• ASME B31.3 (Process Piping)

Any deviation must be formally assessed and documented under Management of Change (MOC) procedures.

(b) Integrity and Accountability

Fabrication reports, welding records, and inspection data must be authentic. Forging results to meet client specifications or concealing non-compliance is unethical and could result in catastrophic accidents.

(c) Ethical Leadership

Senior engineers must lead by example — cultivating a culture where safety is never compromised, and junior engineers are encouraged to report anomalies without fear of retaliation.

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6. Common Ethical Dilemmas and Decision Framework

Scenario	Ethical Issue	Appropriate Action
Management insists to bypass boiler safety interlock to continue production	Safety vs Productivity	Refuse; safety overrides production. Report to higher authority if necessary.
Contractor submits false welding records	Integrity	Reject and report. Maintain traceability of documents.
Discovery of excessive emission or effluent	Company Image vs Public Health	Report immediately, initiate containment and corrective measures.
Gift offered by supplier	Conflict of Interest	Politely decline or declare through official channels.
Assigned to approve design outside area of expertise	Competence	Decline; request collaboration with qualified personnel.

In all cases, engineers must act with moral courage and place public welfare above personal or corporate interest.

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7. Sustainability and Ethical Engineering

Today’s mechanical engineers must go beyond compliance and actively contribute to sustainable industry practices.
In palm oil and petrochemical sectors, ethical responsibility includes:

• Promoting energy efficiency (e.g., optimizing boiler combustion, heat recovery systems)

• Supporting waste-to-energy projects (fiber, shell, and biogas utilization)

• Implementing zero liquid discharge systems

• Ensuring carbon footprint reduction initiatives align with corporate sustainability goals

An ethical engineer recognizes that sustainability is not a trend — it is a duty to future generations.

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8. Personal Integrity and Professionalism

An ethical engineer demonstrates:

• Accountability — taking ownership of technical decisions and outcomes

• Transparency — reporting honestly, even in failure

• Respect — treating all colleagues and subordinates fairly

• Continuous Learning — updating knowledge to remain competent and relevant

Engineers must also mentor younger colleagues, passing down technical discipline and ethical awareness as part of the profession’s legacy.

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9. Conclusion

Ethics in mechanical engineering is not limited to compliance with codes or procedures. It is about moral integrity — doing what is right, even when no one is watching.
In palm oil mills, refineries, and petrochemical industries, where operations involve high energy, pressure, and environmental exposure, ethical practice determines not only the safety of workers but also the sustainability of the entire industry.

A true professional engineer protects life, preserves the environment, and upholds the honour of the profession through honesty, responsibility, and technical excellence.

#ProfessionalEngineer #Engineer #ethic #miller #respect #integrity

Ethics, Integrity, Safety, Conflict of interest, Environmental, Role of a Professional Engineer in society

1. Engineering Ethics and Integrity (~330 words)

Engineering ethics and integrity form the cornerstone of the engineering profession. Engineers are entrusted by society to apply their technical knowledge responsibly for the benefit of mankind. Without integrity, the credibility and trust placed in the profession would quickly erode.

An ethical engineer must demonstrate honesty, fairness, and transparency in all professional dealings. Integrity requires doing what is right even when no one is watching, and being willing to take responsibility for one’s decisions. For example, an engineer must never approve or certify work that does not meet design standards or safety requirements, even under pressure from clients or contractors.

Ethical behavior also includes giving credit where it is due, avoiding plagiarism, and maintaining confidentiality of sensitive information. When preparing reports, specifications, or cost estimates, accuracy and truthfulness are essential. Any form of falsification or misrepresentation is strictly against the Code of Ethics under the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM).

Integrity also means avoiding conflict of interest and maintaining independence of judgment. Engineers must act in the best interest of the public and their employer while upholding safety, quality, and professional standards.

In conclusion, ethics and integrity are not optional virtues but professional obligations. Upholding them preserves public confidence and the dignity of the engineering profession. Every Professional Engineer must remember that technical competence alone is not enough — it must be guided by strong moral values and unwavering integrity.

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2. Public Safety, Health, and Welfare (~320 words)

The foremost duty of every engineer is to protect public safety, health, and welfare. Engineering works directly impact people’s lives — from bridges and buildings to water supply systems and electrical networks. Any negligence or oversight can lead to disastrous consequences.

A Professional Engineer must ensure that every design and construction complies with relevant codes, standards, and statutory requirements. Safety considerations must always take precedence over cost or schedule. For instance, selecting cheaper materials that compromise structural strength or bypassing testing procedures would be unethical and dangerous.

Engineers should also promote a safety culture within the organization by conducting risk assessments, implementing safe work procedures, and providing continuous safety training. In addition, regular inspection, preventive maintenance, and proper documentation are vital to minimize hazards.

The Street, Drainage and Building Act, the Uniform Building By-Laws, and other relevant regulations in Malaysia serve as legal frameworks to safeguard public safety. However, ethical responsibility goes beyond compliance — it is about having the moral courage to stop unsafe work and to speak out when public welfare is at risk.

In summary, engineers must always prioritize human life and welfare above all else. Public safety is the heart of professional engineering practice. A true engineer acts with diligence, competence, and conscience to ensure that every project contributes to the well-being of society.

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3. Conflict of Interest (~310 words)

A conflict of interest occurs when an engineer’s personal or financial interest could improperly influence professional judgment. If not managed properly, it can lead to ethical violations, loss of credibility, and damage to the profession’s reputation.

Examples include situations where an engineer has ownership in a contracting company being considered for a project, or when a close relative is employed by a supplier whose product is under evaluation. Accepting gifts, commissions, or personal favors from contractors or clients can also create perceived or real conflicts.

To act ethically, the engineer must disclose any potential conflict of interest to all relevant parties. Transparency is key. If necessary, the engineer should withdraw from the decision-making process to maintain impartiality. The BEM Code of Professional Conduct explicitly requires engineers to avoid circumstances where personal interest conflicts with professional duty.

For instance, if an engineer is part of a tender evaluation committee and discovers that one of the bidders is a relative’s company, the correct course of action is to declare the relationship and excuse oneself from the evaluation.

Ultimately, professionalism demands that engineers base their decisions solely on technical merit and public interest. By recognizing and managing conflicts openly, engineers preserve the trust and integrity that form the foundation of the profession.

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4. Environmental and Sustainability Obligations (~340 words)

In today’s world, engineering cannot be separated from environmental and sustainability responsibilities. Engineers play a critical role in developing infrastructure and technology that meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

A Professional Engineer must always consider environmental impact in every stage of a project — from planning and design to construction and operation. This includes minimizing pollution, managing waste, conserving energy and water, and promoting the use of renewable resources. Compliance with the Environmental Quality Act and other environmental laws is mandatory, but ethical practice goes beyond mere compliance.

For example, an engineer can design energy-efficient systems, recommend sustainable materials, or implement green construction practices such as recycling and resource recovery. Life-cycle costing and design for maintainability can further enhance sustainability.

Sustainability also includes social and economic aspects — creating projects that are affordable, socially beneficial, and environmentally sound. Collaboration with environmental consultants and local authorities ensures that projects align with sustainable development goals.

In conclusion, environmental stewardship is a moral and professional duty. Engineers are custodians of natural resources, and every decision they make should balance progress with preservation. Through sustainable design and responsible practice, engineers help build a cleaner, safer, and more resilient future for all.

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5. Role of a Professional Engineer in Society (~330 words)

A Professional Engineer (Ir.) holds a position of trust and responsibility within society. The title signifies not only technical competence but also a deep commitment to public service, ethical conduct, and leadership.

Engineers contribute significantly to national development through the design, construction, and maintenance of essential infrastructure such as roads, bridges, power systems, and communication networks. Their work improves the quality of life and supports economic growth.

Beyond technical duties, Professional Engineers must uphold high ethical standards, ensuring that all work complies with safety and environmental regulations. They should also mentor young engineers, share knowledge, and promote professionalism within the industry.

Engineers play an important advisory role to policymakers and the public. They must communicate complex technical issues in an understandable way and provide sound, unbiased opinions. During times of crisis, such as structural failures or environmental disasters, society relies on engineers for competent and honest assessment.

The professional title “Ir.” represents integrity, accountability, and service to the community. As representatives of the profession, engineers must continuously update their knowledge through lifelong learning and actively participate in professional bodies such as IEM and BEM.

In summary, the role of a Professional Engineer extends beyond solving technical problems — it encompasses leadership, ethical conduct, and a commitment to advancing society. Through responsible and dedicated practice, engineers earn the public’s trust and contribute meaningfully to national and human progress.

#ProfessionalEngineer

Indonesia Rules and Regulations

A. Peringkat Nasional / kementerian

1. OSS (Online Single Submission) / BKPM — pendaftaran perniagaan, keluaran NIB (Business Identification Number) dan integrasi lesen perindustrian (Izin Usaha Industri / IUI atau setara mengikut KBLI). OSS adalah pintu masuk utama untuk permohonan lesen perniagaan.

2. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) — kelulusan AMDAL / keputusan Izin Lingkungan (atau UKL-UPL / SPPL bergantung risiko). (Lesen B3 / pengurusan bahan berbahaya juga dirujuk di sini).

3. Kementerian Perindustrian (Kemenperin) — lesen sektor industri (Izin Usaha Industri, standard industri, sijil pemasangan & operasi tertentu untuk peralatan kilang).

4. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) / Ditjen Migas — untuk aktiviti pemprosesan hidrokarbon (refinery) ada peraturan & permit teknikal berkaitan pemprosesan bahan bakar, import bahan bakar, pelaporan teknikal dan kawal selia lain (bergantung sama ada operasi berkaitan pengilangan minyak/minyak mentah).

5. Kementerian Perhubungan / Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut (KSOP / Otoritas Pelabuhan) — jika kilang ada dermaga / laut (terminal khusus / jetty) perlu izin sandar, izin terminal khusus (Tersus/DUKS/IPPK) dan kelulusan operasi pelabuhan. KSOP Kelas I Dumai sering terlibat untuk dermaga/aktiviti muat-bongkar.

6. Bea & Cukai (Kantor Bea Cukai Dumai) — permit / kelulusan kastam untuk import bahan mentah (solvent, bahan kimia), eksport produk (CPO / produk hiliran) dan lain-lain urusan pabean.

7. BPOM (Badan POM) — jika produk kilang termasuk pangan olahan / minyak goreng atau produk untuk diedarkan di pasaran makanan, pendaftaran sarana dan izin edar produk (Izin Edar) diperlukan.

8. Kementerian Perdagangan — pengeluaran export permit / rekomendasi untuk CPO dan produk sawit (termasuk kuota / izin eksport bila berkuatkuasa) dan peraturan perdagangan lain.

9. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan (Kemnaker) & BPJS — kepatuhan undang-undang ketenagakerjaan, keselamatan & kesihatan pekerjaan (K3), pendaftaran BPJS Ketenagakerjaan & BPJS Kesehatan. (Dokumen laporan ketenagakerjaan juga diperlukan semasa OSS/perizinan).

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B. Peringkat Negeri / Daerah (Dumai / Riau)

1. DPMPTSP Kota Dumai (Dinas Penanaman Modal & Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu) — titik rujukan tempatan untuk permohonan lesen, koordinasi pelbagai rekomendasi teknikal & surat setempat (izin lokasi, persetujuan daerah). Dumai ada aplikasi / sistem perizinan setempat (contoh: Jakevo).

2. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Dumai / Provinsi Riau — pelaksanaan & pengawasan izin lingkungan setempat (pemantauan RKL/RPL, IPAL, emisi & pelepasan B3). Kelulusan pelan pengurusan alam sekitar setempat dan audit pemantauan.

3. Dinas Pekerjaan Umum / Dinas Cipta Karya (kawasan/municipal) — perijinan bangunan (IMB lama / sekarang PBG & SLF bergantung peraturan setempat) — untuk pembinaan kilang, stor, struktur sokongan.

4. Kantor Syahbandar & Otoritas Pelabuhan (KSOP) Kelas I Dumai & Pelindo Cabang Dumai — pengurusan operasi dermaga khusus, IPPK, penggunaan pelabuhan & keselamatan maritim setempat. (Banyak kilang di Dumai mempunyai terminal laut; KSOP kerap mengeluarkan rekomendasi teknikal).

5. Dinas Kesehatan Daerah / Dinas Tenaga Kerja Daerah — pengawasan sanitasi, keselamatan pekerja, dan beberapa syarat kelulusan operasi (terutamanya kilang makanan).

6. DPRD / Perizinan Khusus & Peraturan Daerah — beberapa aspek seperti tata ruang, perubahan guna tanah atau projek strategik mungkin memerlukan keputusan atau rekomendasi setempat (peraturan daerah).

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C. Permit / lesen tipikal (ringkas)

• NIB + Izin Usaha Industri (IUI) — melalui OSS.
• Izin Lingkungan (AMDAL / UKL-UPL / SPPL) — KLHK + pengesahan tempatan (DLH).
• Izin Bangunan / PBG & SLF / IMB (semasa) — Dinas setempat.
• Izin Dermaga / Terminal Khusus / IPPK — KSOP / Ditjen Hubla.
• Izin B3 / pengurusan sisa & IPAL / emisi — KLHK + Dinas Lingkungan Hidup.
• Perizinan import/eksport & kepabeanan — Bea Cukai.
• Pendaftaran produk makanan / izin edar (jika makanan) — BPOM.
• Kebenaran teknikal / peraturan ESDM (untuk refinery / bahan bakar) — ESDM / Ditjen Migas.
• K3, tenaga kerja & BPJS — Kemnaker + pendaftaran BPJS.

#indonesia

Steam Boiler Engineer (SBE)

Istilah Steam Boiler Engineer (SBE) memang rasmi di bawah peraturan Malaysia — ia merujuk kepada individu yang kompeten dan diperakui oleh Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (DOSH) untuk mengendalikan dan menyelia operasi dandang stim (steam boiler).
Berikut ialah penjelasan berdasarkan Akta dan Peraturan Malaysia:

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⚙️ 1. Asas Undang-undang

Akta Kilang dan Jentera 1967 (Factories and Machinery Act 1967, Akta 139)
➡ Memberi kuasa kepada Ketua Pemeriksa (Chief Inspector) untuk menetapkan syarat kompetensi, pemeriksaan, dan sijil kelayakan bagi semua mesin termasuk dandang stim.

Peraturan terperinci ada dalam:

Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations 1970

dan

Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler Engineer) Regulations 1970

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📜 2. Takrifan "Steam Boiler Engineer"

Regulation 3, Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler Engineer) Regulations 1970:

“Steam boiler engineer” means a person who is the holder of a certificate of competency issued under these Regulations entitling him to operate or take charge of a steam boiler.

📌 Terjemahan mudah:
SBE ialah seseorang yang memiliki Sijil Kompetensi (Certificate of Competency) yang membenarkannya mengendalikan atau bertanggungjawab terhadap operasi dandang stim.

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🧾 3. Jenis-jenis Sijil Steam Boiler Engineer

Mengikut Regulation 4 & 5, terdapat tiga peringkat kelayakan:

Gred	Nama Sijil	Had Keupayaan
Grade 3	3rd Grade Steam Engineer	Boleh jaga satu dandang stim kecil ≤ 200 sqft heating surface
Grade 2	2nd Grade Steam Engineer	Boleh jaga dandang sederhana ≤ 500 sqft heating surface
Grade 1	1st Grade Steam Engineer	Boleh jaga atau menyelia sebarang saiz dandang stim

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🧩 4. Keperluan Mendapatkan Sijil

Regulation 6 – 10 menerangkan syarat:

• Umur minima 21 tahun
• Pengalaman kerja sekurang-kurangnya 12–24 bulan (bergantung kepada gred) di bawah pengawasan jurutera bertauliah
• Lulus peperiksaan bertulis dan lisan yang dikendalikan oleh DOSH
• Pemeriksaan kesihatan dan karakter yang baik

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🧰 5. Tanggungjawab Steam Boiler Engineer

Berdasarkan Regulation 23 – 29:

• Memastikan dandang beroperasi selamat, cekap dan mengikut tekanan reka bentuk (design pressure)
• Menyimpan rekod operasi harian (log book) termasuk tekanan, suhu, purging, blowdown dan water level
• Melapor segera sebarang kerosakan, kebocoran, atau kelakuan luar biasa kepada penyelia atau DOSH
• Tidak boleh meninggalkan dandang tanpa pengawasan semasa beroperasi
• Dilarang membenarkan orang tidak bertauliah mengendalikan dandang

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🛡️ 6. Hukuman / Penalti

Di bawah Regulation 36 – 38:

• Mengendalikan dandang tanpa SBE bertauliah atau tanpa Sijil Kelayakan (Certificate of Fitness) adalah kesalahan di bawah Seksyen 36 Akta 139
• Penalti: denda sehingga RM5,000 atau penjara sehingga 2 tahun, atau kedua-duanya

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📚 7. Rujukan Rasmi

• Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler Engineer) Regulations 1970
• Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations 1970
• Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139)
• DOSH Malaysia – Guidelines on Competent Persons (Boiler & Pressure)

✏️ Essay: Responsibility of a Professional Engineer to the Public

A Professional Engineer carries a great responsibility to the public because every engineering decision directly or indirectly affects human safety, health, and welfare. The trust placed in engineers is not merely to design and operate systems efficiently, but to ensure that these systems function safely, reliably, and ethically for the benefit of society.

Under the BEM Code of Professional Conduct, the first and foremost duty of an engineer is to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in all professional activities. This means that in any situation, public interest must come before personal gain, company profit, or project deadlines.

In the context of my work as Head of Facility in a palm oil refinery and solvent extraction plant, this responsibility translates into strict adherence to safety and environmental standards. I ensure that all boilers, pressure vessels, and solvent recovery systems comply with relevant codes such as ASME, API, and DOSH regulations. This is essential because negligence in maintenance or operation could lead to fire, explosion, or pollution — endangering workers and surrounding communities.

Beyond safety, an engineer’s responsibility to the public also includes environmental stewardship. We must minimize emissions, manage waste responsibly, and use energy efficiently to reduce our environmental footprint. For example, when planning plant upgrades, I emphasize recovery systems and cleaner technologies to align with sustainability goals and public well-being.

Transparency and honesty are also part of our public duty. A Professional Engineer must report any unsafe condition or unethical practice, even if it may be unpopular. Concealing information that could harm the public violates both engineering ethics and legal obligations under the Engineers Act 1967.

Furthermore, engineers must ensure that their professional competence is maintained through continuous learning. By staying updated with the latest technology and regulations, we can make better decisions that serve the public interest.

In conclusion, the responsibility of a Professional Engineer to the public is to act as a guardian of safety, a steward of the environment, and a model of integrity. Our work should always reflect honesty, fairness, and a deep respect for human life. By upholding these values, we preserve public trust and honour the true spirit of the engineering profession.

#ProfessionalEngineer #Engineer #SteamEngineer #mrsm #boiler #usm #blog #blogger

✏️ Essay: What Should You Do If Management Asks You to Certify Unsafe Equipment

As a professional engineer, my foremost duty is to ensure the safety, health, and welfare of the public. If management asks me to certify equipment that I know to be unsafe, I must act according to the BEM Code of Professional Conduct — which clearly states that a Professional Engineer shall not approve or certify any work that is known to be defective, unsafe, or non-compliant with relevant standards or regulations.

The first step I would take is to conduct a thorough engineering assessment of the equipment to verify the facts. I would document the technical condition, identify the safety non-conformities, and refer to the applicable design codes such as ASME, API, or DOSH regulations. My decision must always be based on engineering evidence, not assumption or personal opinion.

If the assessment confirms that the equipment is indeed unsafe, I would formally communicate my findings to management in writing, stating clearly the risks involved, potential consequences, and the corrective actions required to restore safety compliance. This documentation serves to protect both the organization and myself as the responsible engineer.

If management insists that I proceed with certification despite the known safety risks, I would refuse to sign or approve the document. Certifying unsafe equipment would violate the law, endanger lives, and breach my ethical duty under the Registration of Engineers Act 1967. My professional responsibility to the public and to BEM must always take precedence over organizational pressure.

At the same time, I would try to handle the matter diplomatically — by proposing alternative solutions, such as temporary isolation, repairs, re-inspection, or third-party verification by an authorized competent body (such as DOSH or an external PE). This approach maintains professionalism and shows that my decision is not based on confrontation, but on safety and compliance.

In conclusion, a Professional Engineer must never compromise safety for convenience or cost. Upholding ethics means having the courage to say “no” when safety is at stake. By maintaining integrity, transparency, and adherence to standards, we not only protect lives and property but also preserve the trust and credibility of the engineering profession.

#ProfessionalEngineer #SteamEngineer #engineer #usm #blog #blogger #KembaraInsan

✏️ Essay: How Ethics Influence Engineering Decisions

Ethics play a fundamental role in every engineering decision. While technical knowledge determines what can be done, ethics guide what should be done. In other words, ethical principles ensure that an engineer’s actions serve the public interest, protect safety, and uphold the dignity of the profession. Every engineering decision — whether in design, operation, or management — must therefore be governed by integrity, honesty, and responsibility.

Engineering projects often involve multiple constraints such as cost, schedule, and performance. In such situations, ethical values help engineers make balanced decisions without compromising safety or public welfare. For example, when selecting materials or designing pressure systems, an ethical engineer will always ensure compliance with standards such as ASME, API, and local regulations, even if cheaper or faster options exist. Ethics remind us that public safety and environmental protection come before commercial advantage.

In the palm oil refinery and solvent extraction industry, ethical judgement is critical because we deal with high-temperature operations, flammable solvents, and pressure equipment. An engineer guided by ethics will refuse to start up a system if safety interlocks are not tested, even under pressure from management to meet production targets. Such decisions demonstrate accountability and respect for human life — the highest priority under the BEM Code of Ethics.

Ethics also influence decisions related to resource use, environmental impact, and sustainability. Engineers must ensure that waste discharge, emissions, and energy consumption remain within legal and responsible limits. For instance, when designing a solvent recovery system or upgrading a boiler, I always consider energy efficiency and emission reduction, not just cost savings. This reflects the ethical duty to protect both people and the environment.

Furthermore, ethical behaviour fosters trust and teamwork. When engineers are transparent in their decisions, document their actions honestly, and acknowledge limitations, they build credibility among colleagues, clients, and authorities. This trust is essential for long-term professional integrity.

In conclusion, ethics influence engineering decisions by providing the moral compass that guides our technical judgement. They ensure that every decision is made with honesty, fairness, and respect for safety and the environment. An engineer who upholds ethical principles not only ensures compliance with laws and standards but also safeguards public trust and the reputation of the engineering profession.

#ProfessionalEngineer #SteamEngineer #engineer #mrsm #usm

✏️ Essay: How an Engineer Can Maintain Professionalism in Teamwork

Engineering projects are rarely the work of one individual; they are the result of collaboration among engineers, technicians, operators, and management. To achieve safe and successful outcomes, every engineer must maintain a high level of professionalism when working in a team. Professionalism in teamwork reflects integrity, respect, and responsibility — the core values of the engineering profession.

Firstly, an engineer must demonstrate clear and respectful communication. In a multidisciplinary environment such as a palm oil refinery or solvent extraction plant, effective communication ensures that technical information, safety requirements, and operational plans are clearly understood by all parties. Miscommunication can lead to costly mistakes or safety incidents. Therefore, engineers should express their views professionally, listen to others, and document important decisions through proper channels such as meeting minutes and technical reports.

Secondly, professionalism requires accountability and integrity. A professional engineer must take ownership of his work and decisions, while respecting the contributions of others. In team discussions, one should present facts and technical justifications, not personal opinions or emotions. If an error occurs, a professional engineer accepts responsibility, rectifies it, and learns from the experience rather than shifting blame. This builds trust among team members and sets a positive example for younger engineers.

Thirdly, engineers must practise fairness and collaboration. Teamwork involves balancing different opinions and expertise. A professional engineer must respect diversity — whether of discipline, seniority, or background — and make decisions based on technical merit and project objectives. Sharing knowledge openly, mentoring juniors, and acknowledging others’ contributions demonstrate leadership and ethical conduct.

In my own role as Head of Facility, maintaining professionalism in teamwork is critical during plant shutdowns and commissioning activities. I ensure that all departments — mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, and process — work with a shared understanding of safety priorities. Through pre-startup meetings, task risk assessments, and open communication, the team can solve problems collectively while maintaining respect and discipline.

In conclusion, professionalism in teamwork is not just about technical competence; it is about attitude, communication, and ethical behaviour. When engineers uphold integrity, respect, and accountability within their teams, they not only achieve project success but also elevate the reputation and trust of the entire engineering profession.

#ProfessionalEngineer #engineer #SteamEngineer #mrsm #usm #blog #blogger #KembaraInsan

✏️ Essay: The Importance of Continuous Learning for Engineers

Continuous learning is an essential part of an engineer’s professional life. Engineering is a discipline that evolves rapidly due to technological innovation, new materials, and changing industrial standards. For engineers to remain competent and relevant, they must continuously update their knowledge, skills, and understanding of best practices. This lifelong learning ensures that engineers can deliver safe, efficient, and sustainable solutions in a dynamic world.

In the industrial sector—particularly in palm oil refineries and solvent extraction plants—continuous learning is crucial because process technology, automation, and environmental regulations are constantly improving. Engineers must keep abreast of new process control systems, energy efficiency measures, and safety standards such as ASME, API, and ISO. By attending professional training, seminars, and industry conferences, engineers can learn new techniques for optimizing plant operations, reducing solvent losses, improving steam utilization, and ensuring environmental compliance under DOE and DOSH requirements.

Continuous learning also strengthens the engineer’s ability to make sound technical and ethical decisions. A professional engineer is responsible not only for plant performance but also for public safety and environmental protection. By engaging in lifelong learning, engineers reinforce their understanding of BEM’s Code of Ethics—especially the principles of competence and responsibility. This ensures that engineering judgement is based on up-to-date knowledge rather than outdated practices.

In my own experience as Head of Facility in a palm oil refinery and solvent extraction plant, continuous learning has been vital in managing complex projects. For example, attending a process safety management course and ASME boiler code seminar helped me identify better inspection and commissioning methods that improved plant reliability and reduced downtime. Sharing this knowledge with my team also enhances collective capability, creating a stronger safety culture and higher overall performance.

Moreover, continuous learning contributes to innovation and national development. When engineers upgrade their skills in digital technologies, energy management, and sustainability, they can design smarter systems and greener processes that align with Malaysia’s goals for industrial modernization and environmental stewardship.

In conclusion, continuous learning is not optional but a professional duty for every engineer. It preserves competency, strengthens ethical responsibility, and drives technological progress. By committing to lifelong learning, engineers can uphold the dignity of the profession, protect public interest, and contribute meaningfully to sustainable industrial growth.

#ProfessionalEngineer #engineer #SteamEngineer #malaysia #mrsm #code

Dumai Islamic Center

Basic Info & Purpose

• Located on Jalan Brigjen HR Soebrantas, Kecamatan Dumai Timur, Kota Dumai, Riau.
• Soft opened on 15 March 2023. The soft opening included Maghrib prayer and a Tabligh Akbar with Buya Yahya.
• The project began in 2021. It is envisioned as more than just a mosque: a center for Islamic learning, dakwah (religious outreach), Qur’an study, economic empowerment (like UMKM), and religious tourism.

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Architecture & Capacity

• The architectural style is inspired by Masjid Nabawi in Madinah. That influence is visible in the design of the domes, minarets, mimbar (pulpit), etc.
• Built on a fairly large land area: about 4 hectares of land.
• The main prayer hall can accommodate around 2,000 worshippers.
• The interior uses high-quality materials, such as high-grade marble for floor, well-designed ablution/wudu facilities and washrooms.

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Funding & Project Management

• The budget is roughly Rp 65 billion.
• Funding sources include local government funds (APBD Dumai), CSR contributions from private companies (about 30 companies contributed), and community donations.
• The project was planned as a 2-year work. Construction started in 2021.

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Broader Impact & Significance

• It is designed to be a landmark / icon for Dumai, both for local identity and for religious tourism.
• Expected to bring benefits in multiple sectors: spiritual/religious (learning, worship), social, economic (UMKM, commerce around the site), and tourism.
• Local government emphasizes transparency: monitoring construction progress, financial transparency, and involving community and private sector participation.

#dumai #indonesia

Explain Problem and How you solved it?

It tests how you apply engineering principles, decision-making, and leadership in real-life problems — not just technical knowledge.

Here’s a model answer tailored to your real context as Head of Facility in a palm oil refinery and solvent extraction plant 👇

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🧾 Model Answer:

Question: “Can you explain a problem you faced in your project and how you solved it?”

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🔹 1. Setting the Context (Project Background)

One of the key challenges I faced was during the commissioning phase of our solvent extraction plant expansion project, where we installed a new desolventizer-toaster (DT) system and hexane recovery unit to increase extraction capacity and solvent recovery efficiency.

The system was designed to operate under low vacuum and precise temperature control, to ensure safe operation and minimize solvent loss.

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🔹 2. The Problem Identified

During commissioning, we encountered unstable vacuum pressure and high solvent losses at the vapour condenser section.
The recovery efficiency dropped below design — only about 80% recovery compared to the expected 95%.

Additionally, we noticed temperature fluctuation in the desolventizer and traces of solvent carryover in meal discharge, which raised serious safety and product quality concerns.

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🔹 3. Immediate Actions and Investigation

I immediately formed a small technical task force involving process, mechanical, and instrumentation engineers.

Our first step was to conduct a systematic root cause analysis using engineering tools:

• Process data review (temperature, vacuum trend, solvent flowrate).
• Equipment inspection of condensers, ejectors, and steam traps.
• Leak test using nitrogen pressure on the vapour line.
• P&ID verification to cross-check installation against design drawings.

We discovered two critical issues:

1. Undersized steam ejector nozzle, resulting in insufficient vacuum generation.
2. Condensate accumulation in the vapour recovery line due to improperly sloped piping, causing partial blockage.

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🔹 4. Engineering Solution Implemented

To resolve the problem, I coordinated the following actions:

• Replaced the ejector nozzle with a properly sized unit as per manufacturer’s performance curve to achieve the required suction capacity.
• Modified the vapour line layout by correcting the slope and adding a drain trap at the low point to prevent condensate buildup.
• Updated the P&ID and as-built drawings to reflect these field corrections.
• Revalidated the vacuum and solvent recovery system through a performance test run.

After modification, the system achieved a stable vacuum of -0.85 bar, solvent recovery improved to above 96%, and hexane emission dropped within DOE compliance limits.

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🔹 5. Lessons Learned and Preventive Measures

This incident taught our team several lessons:

• The importance of verifying vendor design data and installation drawings before commissioning.
• The need for interdisciplinary reviews — process, mechanical, and instrumentation must work closely during pre-start-up checks.
• Implementing a Pre-Start-Up Safety Review (PSSR) checklist for future projects to identify installation errors before introducing solvent.

Following this, we formalized a Design Review and Commissioning Procedure, which is now mandatory for all future plant modifications.

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🔹 6. Concluding Statement

In summary, by applying systematic problem-solving, technical verification, and teamwork, we were able to restore system performance, ensure safe solvent operation, and comply with environmental standards.
As Head of Facility, I see this as an example of how engineering judgement, proactive leadership, and adherence to standards can turn a major commissioning problem into a valuable learning experience for the organization.

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🧠 Interview Tip

If interviewer asks a follow-up like:

“What would you do differently next time?”

You can answer:

“I would conduct a more detailed pre-commissioning simulation and vacuum test before introducing solvent, and engage the equipment vendor for on-site performance verification earlier in the process.”

#engineer #ProfessionalEngineer #SteamEngineer

Sustainability in Engineering Design

Sustainability today is central to every engineering decision, especially in the palm oil refinery and solvent extraction industry, where operations have major impacts on energy use, emissions, effluent, and community welfare.

Here’s a model structured answer tailored for you as Head of Facility 👇

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🧾 Model Answer:

Question: “What are your views on sustainability in engineering design?”

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🔹 1. Sustainability as a Core Engineering Principle

To me, sustainability in engineering design means developing systems that meet today’s operational needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.
As engineers, we are responsible not only for efficiency and performance, but also for minimizing environmental impact, optimizing resource use, and protecting community well-being.

In my role as Head of Facility for a palm oil refinery and solvent extraction plant, I ensure that every engineering decision considers the triple bottom line — People, Planet, and Profit.

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🔹 2. Sustainable Process and Design Integration

In our facility design and operations, we integrate sustainability through:

• Energy efficiency:
  We recover waste heat from boilers and flue gases to preheat feedwater and process streams, improving thermal efficiency and reducing fuel consumption.
• Steam and condensate recovery:
  Condensate is returned to the boiler house, reducing freshwater demand and energy for heating.
• Solvent recovery:
  In the extraction plant, we use multi-effect evaporators and vapour recovery systems to minimize solvent losses and VOC emissions, ensuring compliance with DOE regulations.
• Optimized utility systems:
  Our utilities are designed for right-sizing — minimizing steam venting, reducing idle running, and controlling pressure losses.

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🔹 3. Renewable and Cleaner Energy Transition

We also support sustainability by utilizing renewable biomass fuel — using palm shell and fiber as boiler fuel instead of fossil fuel, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
We continuously explore the use of biogas from effluent ponds as supplementary energy for boilers or electricity generation.

In new design upgrades, I promote energy integration studies (pinch analysis) to identify potential steam and power savings.

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🔹 4. Environmental Protection and Compliance

Sustainability is also about environmental responsibility.
Our plant designs incorporate:

• Effluent treatment systems (EFB composting, biogas capture, and polishing ponds) to meet DOE discharge limits.
• Dust and emission controls (cyclones, scrubbers, bag filters) to reduce particulate and solvent emissions.
• Oil recovery systems to minimize product loss and prevent contamination of drainage systems.

Compliance with Environmental Quality Act (EQA 1974), DOSH, and BEM Codes of Ethics is strictly maintained — protecting both environment and community.

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🔹 5. Social and Community Aspects

Sustainability goes beyond equipment — it includes people.
We prioritize worker safety, provide training on safe handling of flammable solvents (e.g., hexane), and engage the local community through CSR programmes such as waste segregation and tree-planting around the estate boundary.

We also maintain open communication with DOE and local councils to ensure transparency in our environmental performance.

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🔹 6. Continuous Improvement and Data Monitoring

As part of our ISO 14001 and 45001 frameworks, we continuously monitor energy, water, and waste KPIs.
Data-driven reviews help us plan upgrades — for example, installing VFDs on pumps and fans, improving lighting systems to LED, and reducing compressed air leaks.

Sustainability is a continuous journey, not a one-time project.
Every modification, replacement, or upgrade must demonstrate better efficiency, safety, and lower environmental footprint.

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🔹 7. Role of a Professional Engineer in Sustainability

As a Professional Engineer, I view sustainability as a moral and professional duty.
Our decisions influence resource use, emissions, and community safety — so we must always:

• Select materials and designs with life-cycle considerations.
• Promote energy-efficient technologies.
• Ensure compliance with environmental standards.
• Mentor young engineers to value sustainability as part of their engineering identity.

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🔹 8. Concluding Statement

In summary, sustainability in engineering design is about designing systems that are technically sound, economically viable, and environmentally responsible.
In the palm oil and solvent industry, sustainable design ensures that we process efficiently while protecting the environment, conserving energy, and supporting the long-term growth of the industry and community.
I believe true professionalism means making decisions that benefit both the organization and the planet.

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🧠 Interview Tip

If interviewer asks a follow-up like:

“Can you give a real example of sustainability project you led?”

You can respond briefly:

“We upgraded our shell-and-tube heat exchangers and installed waste heat recovery from boiler flue gas. This reduced diesel consumption by 15% and cut CO₂ emissions by nearly 1,000 tonnes per year — while maintaining the same production rate. This project demonstrated how sustainable design directly improves both efficiency and environmental performance.”

#ProfessionalEngineer #engineer #palmoilmill