.JPG)
Ini adalah risiko land irrigation.Jika berlak seapage - kebocoran pada trenches, effluent yang terawat akan mengalir keluar ke tali air.
Solid yang terkumpul di kolam distribution perlu dibersihkan.Bergantung kepada tahap solid yang terdapat pada treated effluent water
2 orang pekerja ditugaskan untuk menjaga, membaikpulih, mengawal dan menjalankan operasi land irrigation.Aktivit membersih parit perlu dilakukan setiap dengan kawalan seorang penyelia..JPG)
Membaikpulih parit yang tidak berfungsi
🌴 Land Irrigation in Oil Palm Estates Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Land irrigation (often called land application) in oil palm estates is a sustainable practice where treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is applied to plantation land as nutrient-rich irrigation. It connects the palm oil mill and estate in a circular economy model—turning waste into value.
1️⃣ What is POME?
POME is wastewater generated during:
Sterilization of fresh fruit bunches (FFB)
Clarification and oil extraction processes
Typical characteristics (raw POME):
High organic matter (COD, BOD)
Rich in nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg)
Acidic pH (before treatment)
👉 Untreated POME cannot be discharged directly due to environmental impact.
2️⃣ POME Treatment Before Irrigation
Before land application, POME must be properly treated in a ponding system:
Common Treatment Flow:
Cooling Pond
Anaerobic Ponds – reduce BOD/COD, biogas generation
Facultative / Aerobic Ponds
Polishing Pond / Final Discharge Pond
✅ Only treated POME that meets regulatory standards is used for irrigation.
3️⃣ How Land Irrigation Works
Treated POME is pumped from the final pond to selected estate blocks using:
HDPE pipelines
Gravity flow channels
Flat-bed or sprinkler distribution (depending on terrain)
Application Methods:
Flat-bed / furrow irrigation (most common)
Trenching between palm rows
Controlled discharge points
📍 Usually applied to non-peat, non-flood-prone areas.
4️⃣ Nutrient Benefits to Oil Palm
POME acts as liquid organic fertilizer.
| Nutrient | Benefit to Oil Palm |
|---|---|
| Nitrogen (N) | Enhances vegetative growth |
| Potassium (K) | Improves FFB yield |
| Phosphorus (P) | Root development |
| Magnesium (Mg) | Prevents leaf deficiency |
| Organic Matter | Improves soil structure |
💡 Estates using POME can reduce chemical fertilizer cost by 20–40% (depending on dosage and management).
5️⃣ Water & Soil Benefits
Improves soil moisture retention
Enhances microbial activity
Reduces drought stress during dry seasons
Improves soil porosity and organic carbon
6️⃣ Environmental & Regulatory Control
Land irrigation must comply with DOE / MPOB / MSPO / RSPO requirements.
Key Controls:
Maximum application rate (m³/ha/year)
Buffer zones from rivers & drains
Groundwater monitoring wells
Soil and leaf nutrient analysis
No runoff to waterways
🚫 Not allowed on:
Peat soil
Steep slopes
Flood-prone areas
7️⃣ Typical Application Rate (Indicative)
250 – 350 m³ POME per hectare per year
Applied in controlled cycles, not continuously
(Actual rate depends on soil type, rainfall, and regulation)
8️⃣ Challenges & Risks
⚠️ Poorly managed land application can cause:
Waterlogging
Soil compaction
Odour issues
Nutrient leaching
Community complaints
👉 Hence, good engineering design & disciplined operation are critical.
9️⃣ Why Land Irrigation is Important
✔ Waste-to-resource approach
✔ Reduces mill effluent discharge
✔ Lowers fertilizer cost
✔ Improves estate productivity
✔ Supports sustainability certification (MSPO/RSPO)
🌱 Final Thought
Land irrigation using treated POME is not just waste management—it is integrated mill–estate engineering, where process efficiency, environmental care, and agronomy meet.
#palmoilmill #effluent #landirrigation
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