The ASME test code has established a procedure to determine the boiler efficiency and the required boiler heat input to achieve the desired boiler output, which is the steam flow at the required pressure and temperature. This procedure requires the calculation of all the losses in a steam-generating unit, which include the following:
Loss due to moisture in the fuel
Loss due to the water that may be formed during the combustion from the hydrogen contained in the fuel
Loss due to the moisture in the air that is used for combustion
Loss due to the heat carried up the stack by flue gas
Loss due to the incomplete combustion of carbon in the fuel, called unburned carbon loss
Loss due to radiation of heat, leaks, and other unaccounted-for losses
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