Some carbon associated in hydrocarbon compounss breaks away as free carbon.
Thus we always have problem to burn carbon particles if we do not have ample time to pass through the furnace.
Incomplete combustion of carbon is the germ of smoke and soot.
If the furnace is small and boiler tubes @ heating surface are badly located, carbon can not possibly burn to completion.
The steps of
1. Bringing air and fuel together
2. Raising the mixture to ignition temperature
3. Sweeping away successive layers of gas from fuel particles
4. Burning carbon as far as possible
5. Occur while the fuel and air travel from burner to furnace outlet.
But at short time, to achive complete combustion is depends on
1. Distance traveled
2. The speed
3. Flow is turbulent or not.
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