Beberapa kali ke pasar, di sini banyak ikan nila. Kalau ke kedai makan, menu ikan nila pasti ada. Rupanya ia adalah industri besar di Indonesia.
Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) — or Nile tilapia — is one of the most important freshwater fish species in Indonesia. It’s widely farmed for local consumption and export, thanks to its:
- Fast growth rate
- High tolerance to varied environments
- Good taste and high protein value
- Affordable production cost
Tilapia is sometimes called the “chicken of fish” because it’s cheap, grows fast, and can be raised almost anywhere.
🌏 Production and Regions
Indonesia is one of the world’s top 5 producers of tilapia (after China, Egypt, Brazil, and the Philippines).
Main producing regions:
- West Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Cianjur)
- Central Java (Boyolali, Banjarnegara)
- North Sumatra (around Lake Toba)
- South Sulawesi
- Lampung
Lake Toba is especially famous for high-quality tilapia farming, both for domestic markets and for export to the U.S. and Middle East.
💧 Farming Systems
- Keramba jaring apung (KJA) — floating net cages in lakes or reservoirs
- Kolam tanah (earthen ponds) — most common for small-scale farmers
- Kolam beton (concrete tanks) — more controlled, used for seed and hatchery operations
- Biofloc systems — newer technology, reducing waste and increasing feed efficiency
Most farmers use semi-intensive systems, feeding fish with commercial pellets and relying on natural pond productivity.
💰 Economics
- Seed to harvest: 4–6 months (fish reach 500–800 grams)
- Feed conversion ratio (FCR): 1.2–1.5
- Market price: ~Rp 25,000–40,000/kg (depending on region and size)
- Profit margin: Typically 15–30% for efficient farmers
Export products:
- Frozen fillets
- Fresh/chilled fish
- Whole gutted fish
Main export destinations:
United States, Middle East, Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
🏭 Major Companies
Some key players include:
- PT Regal Springs Indonesia (RSI) — the largest tilapia exporter in Indonesia, based near Lake Toba.
- PT Aqua Farm Nusantara — known for sustainable tilapia operations and international certification (ASC, BAP).
They maintain international standards for traceability, sustainability, and environmental management.
🌿 Sustainability and Challenges
Challenges:
- Water pollution from feed waste and overstocking
- Disease outbreaks (e.g., Streptococcus spp.)
- Rising feed prices
- Lack of quality broodstock
- Climate-related water level fluctuations in lakes
Sustainability efforts:
- Promotion of eco-friendly aquaculture (low-impact cages)
- Integrated farming and recirculating systems
- Certification programs (ASC – Aquaculture Stewardship Council, GAP – Good Aquaculture Practice)
📈 Future Outlook
Indonesia’s government (Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan) promotes tilapia as a strategic aquaculture commodity, aiming to:
- Increase production and export value
- Improve genetic quality through selective breeding (e.g., “Nila Gesit”, “Nila Nirwana”, “Nila BEST”)
- Support small farmers with training and technology
The target is to make tilapia a top 3 aquaculture export commodity, alongside shrimp and catfish.
🇮🇩 Summary
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Species | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) |
| Main Regions | North Sumatra, West & Central Java, South Sulawesi, Lampung |
| Farming System | KJA, kolam tanah, biofloc |
| Export Markets | USA, Japan, Middle East |
| Key Companies | Regal Springs, Aqua Farm Nusantara |
| Challenges | Disease, feed cost, environment |
| Government Focus | Sustainable production, export growth |
#nila #talapia
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