Production, product, selling, marketing and holistic marketing concept.

(a) Production Concept
Consumers will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Managers of production-oriented businesses concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution.

(b) Product Concept
Consumers will favour those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Managers focus on making superior products and improving them over time.

(c) Selling Concept
Consumers and businesses, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organization's products, therefore, the organization must undertake aggressive selling and promotion efforts.

(d) Marketing Concept
The company is being more effective than competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target markets in order to achieve organizational goals.

There are three market orientations:
(i) Reactive market orientation·understanding and meeting consumer's expressed needs.
(ii) Proactive marketing orientation·researching or imagining latent consumer's needs through a probe-and-learn process.
(iii) Total market orientations · companies that practice both a reactive and proactive marketing orientations.

(e) Holistic Marketing Concept
This concept is based on the development, design, and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and activities that recognize the breath and inter dependencies of their efforts.

Holistic marketing recognizes that everything matters with marketing - the consumer, employees, other companies, competition, as well as society as a whole.