The value delivery process begins before there is a product and continues while it is being developed and after it becomes available. The Japanese have further refined this view with the following concepts:
- Zero customer feedback time. Customer feedback should be collected continuously after purchase to learn how to improve the product and its marketing.
- Zero product improvement time. The company should evaluate all improvement ideas and introduce the most valued and feasible improvements as soon as possible.
- Zero purchasing time. The company should receive the required parts and supplies continuously through just-in - time arrangements with suppliers. By lowering its inventories, the company can reduce its costs.
- Zero setup time. The company should be able to manufacture any of its products as soon as they are ordered, without facing high setup time or costs.
- Zero defects. The products should be of high quality and free of flaws.
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